WHAT AFFECTS EFFICIENCY IN LABOUR MARKET MATCHING AT DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL AGGREGATION LEVELS IN POLAND?

We analyse efficiency of a labour market matching process at different levels of territorial aggregation and in different time horizons. We apply a stochastic matching frontier to random, job queuing and stock‐flow models. We use data for Poland, a country with highly regionally diversified unemployment. We find that search and matching mechanisms significantly differ with territorial aggregation. Higher efficiency in small regions results from lower frictions. Larger regions enjoy better structural matching if only labour market participants have time to search. Different policy measures should be designed to improve labour market matching efficiency at different regional levels.     

基于耕地多功能权衡与协同分析的耕地利用转型研究——以北京市为例

[目的]探究耕地隐性形态变化,丰富耕地利用转型研究的形态视角。[方法]土地系统功能权衡度(LFTD)模型,灰色关联度分析法。[结果](1)2005—2016年北京市耕地多功能性呈现不同变化趋势。生产和社会保障功能为下降态势,生态功能经历U型变化,文化功能为持续上升状态。(2)根据功能层次性将北京市耕地多功能变化分为3个阶段:2005—2008年耕地转型前期,生产和社会保障功能为主导;2008—2014年转型期,多功能间发生复杂作用;2014—2016年转型后期,文化和生态功能为主导。(3)耕地多功能随阶段变化经历了权衡协同关系持平到以权衡关系为主导再到权衡协同关系持平的过程。3阶段主导功能变化及转型期生态、文化功能和生产、社会保障功能间复杂的权衡关系共同佐证了北京市于2014年实现了耕地功能层面转型。(4)3阶段影响因素关联性趋势变化显示第一产业比重、人均固定资产投资、农民人均纯收入和人均GDP是耕地转型期显著影响因素。[结论]耕地隐性形态变化可深层次显化耕地利用转型,为耕地可持续利用提供参考。     

云南省边境口岸入境旅游和边境贸易互动关系研究

文章以云南省边境口岸作为研究对象,选取2000~2017年边境口岸入境旅游与进出口贸易相关数据,应用单位根检验、协整检验等方法,研究两者之间的互动关系和协调发展。研究发现:云南省边境口岸入境旅游人数和进出口贸易总额在协整检验之后显示出两者之间存在长期稳定关系;在短期内边境口岸入境旅游人数的变动与进出口贸易总额变动之间是一种单向Granger因果关系;入境旅游发展与进出口贸易两者之间的互动影响是长期的,并且边境口岸进出口贸易总额对入境旅游人数的贡献度远小于边境口岸入境旅游人数对进出口贸易总额的贡献度。鉴于此,提出了推进云南省边境口岸地区入境旅游与边境贸易协调发展的相关建议。     

Estimation of productivity and markups with price dispersion: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing during economic transition

We estimate firm productivity and markups in the presence of heterogeneous output and input prices. We assume that firms are monopolistically competitive in the output market and that state firms are favored and pay lower prices for inputs due to political connections. The proxy-variable (or called the control-function-based) approach of structurally identifying production functions and productivity is customized to our new setting. Our approach solves the underidentification problem inherent in the standard proxy-variable method. We investigate the Chinese transportation equipment industry and find evidence against perfect competition and price homogeneity. We also find that productivity and markup differentials and dynamics are consistent with the market-oriented reforms in China.     

上诉机构“停摆”之后的WTO争端解决机制何去何从

WTO争端解决机制自生效以来,以其高效的纠纷解决和具有约束力的裁决一直被认为是维护多边贸易体制的重要力量。尤其是争端解决中设立上诉机制,开创了国际争端解决两审终审的先例,这使得WTO体制下的争端解决与其他国际体制下的争端解决相比,更加凸显其公正性与有效性。然而,由于个别成员的阻挠,上诉机构于2019年12月10日因到期离任的成员不能够及时得到增补而陷于"停摆",无法继续受理上诉案件。上诉机构停止运作会给WTO的争端解决机制走向带来很大的不确定性,但是世贸组织争端解决机构不会停止工作,多边贸易体制也不会因此陷入崩溃。     

Exact parametric restrictions for 3-cycles in the RSS model: A complete and comprehensive characterization

This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for 3-period cycles in the two-sector Robinson–Solow–Srinivasan (RSS) model, taking as its point of departure an independently-(and simultaneously-) discovered exact discount-factor restriction for a general class of growth models by Mitra and Nishimura–Yano (MNY) in 1996. Our investigation of this remarkable result in the specificity of the RSS model enables a broadened inquiry that goes beyond the discount factor to parameters of labor-productivity and capital-depreciation. Since the RSS model, despite its concrete simplicity, is not covered by the general MNY model, the exact discount-factor restriction presented here does not follow from the MNY theorem, and necessitates new argumentation. Furthermore, we present a novel exact parametric region as our second result.     

Intensity of preferences for bivariate risk apportionment

Bivariate risk apportionment is the preference for dispersing risks associated with two aspects of individuals’ well-being into different states of the world. In this paper, we propose an intensity measure of this preference by extending to the bivariate case the concept of marginal rate of substitution between risks of different orders introduced in the univariate case by Liu and Meyer (2013). We show that the intensity measure of the preference for bivariate risk apportionment is characterized by bivariate risk attitudes in the sense of Ross. The usefulness of our measures to understand economic choices is illustrated by the analysis of two specific decisions: savings under environmental risk and medical treatment in the presence of diagnostic risks.     

Avoiding Mis-estimation of the CES Function: Unit Matters

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate that unit errors of measurement will lead to significant biases in estimating the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) function. Monte-Carlo simulations show that estimation results tend to reach Cobb–Douglas (CD) functions or extreme values if units of input variables are incorrectly used. To avoid this problem, we suggest adding an overall efficiency parameter and a unit correction parameter which is similar to biased technological change parameter when estimating CES functions. Any unit error of measurement can be captured by these two parameters while allowing researchers to get unbiased estimation results of other parameters.     

一种“北斗”B1C信号无模糊捕获算法

针对“北斗”B1C信号同步过程中存在的捕获模糊性问题，根据“北斗”B1C信号的信号特点，基于伪相关函数方法，设计了一种适用于“北斗”B1C信号的无模糊捕获算法。该算法采用数据分量和导频分量非相干组合的捕获策略，实现了B1C信号数据分量和导频分量的无模糊捕获，提高了捕获灵敏度。利用导航终端接收的卫星信号数据，对所提捕获算法进行了仿真验证，并分析了其无模糊捕获性能和捕获灵敏度。仿真结果表明，所提算法能准确且快速地捕获“北斗”B1C信号。     

Investigating properties of commodity price responses to real and nominal shocks

This paper studies dynamic adjustments of 49 world commodity prices in response to innovations in the nominal exchange rate and the world real GDP. After we estimate the dynamic elasticity of the prices with respect to these shocks, we obtain the kernel density of our estimates to establish stylized facts on the adjustment process of the commodity price toward a new equilibrium path. Our empirical findings imply, on average, that the law of one price holds in the long-run, whereas the substantial degree of short-run price rigidity was observed in response to the nominal exchange rate shock. The real GDP shock tends to generate substantial price fluctuations in the short-run because adjustments of the supply can be limited, but have much weaker effects in the long-run as the supply eventually counterbalances the increase in the demand. Overall, we report persistent long-lasting effects of the nominal exchange rate shock on commodity prices relative to those of the real GDP shock.